Important note: Information in this article was accurate in December 2004. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
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AIDSWEEKLY Plus; Monday, December 6, 2004
Staff Medical Writers
"In resting CD4+ T lymphocytes harboring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), replication-competent virus persists in patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This small latent reservoir represents between 103 and 107 cells per patient.
"However, the efficiency of HIV-1 DNA-positive resting CD4+ T cells in converting to HIV-1-antigen-secreting cells (HIV-1-Ag-SCs) after in vitro CD4+-T-cell polyclonal stimulation has not been satisfactorily evaluated," scientists in France report.
"By using an HIV-1-antigen enzyme-linked immunospot assay," wrote J.M. Fondere and coworkers, "8 HIV-1-Ag-SCs per 106 CD4+ resting T cells were quantified in 25 patients with a plasma viral load of <20 copies/ml, whereas 379 were enumerated in 10 viremic patients.
"In parallel, 369 and 1,238 copies of HIV-1 DNA per 106 CD4+ T cells were enumerated in the two groups of patients, respectively. Only a minority of latently HIV-1 DNA-infected CD4+ T cells could be stimulated in vitro to become HIV-1-Ag-SCs, particularly in aviremic patients."
"The difference between the number of HIV-1 immunospots in viremic versus aviremic patients could be explained by HIV-1 unintegrated viral DNA that gave additional HIV-1-Ag-SCs after in vitro CD4+-T-cell polyclonal stimulation," investigators said.
"The ELISPOT approach to targeting the HIV-1-Ag-SCs could be a useful method for identifying latently HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells carrying replication-competent HIV-1 in patients responding to HAART," the authors suggested.
Fondere and colleagues published their study in the Journal of Virology (Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antigen secretion by latently infected resting CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals. J Virol. 2004 Oct;78(19):10536-42.
For more information, contact J.P. Vendrell, Hop Lapeyronie, Virology Laboratory, Avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud, F-34295 Montpellier, France.
Publisher contact information for the Journal of Virology is: American Society Microbiology, 1752 N St. NW, Washington, DC 20036-2904, USA.
The information in this article comes under the major subject areas of HIV/AIDS, Immunology, Genomics & Genetics, Biotechnology and Diagnostics.
This article was prepared by AIDS Weekly editors from staff and other reports.
Reference
Fondere JM, Petitjean G, Huguet MF, et al., "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antigen secretion by latently infected resting CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals", J Virol. 2004 Oct;78(19):10536-42.
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